dbs electrodes  (Abbott Laboratories)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Deep brain stimulation alleviates Parkinsonian motor deficits through desynchronizing GABA release in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59113-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic showing whole-cell recording (with normal pipette solution) with local electric stimulation in STN slices of DD mice. Middle and bottom, example current-clamp recording showing the effects of HFS ( b ) and LFS ( c ) on spontaneous firing of STN neurons. Top, plots of the instantaneous frequency of APs and its coefficient of variation (CV, bin size: 1 s). Time windows (4 s) before, during, and after the stimulation were shown for data analysis in ( f ). d Group data showing changes in the firing rates in response to HFS and LFS over time (n = 8 neurons from 5 mice). Gray indicates the stimulation period. 130 vs. 20 Hz: paired t -test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, two-sided, 0–3 s, P < 0.01; 3–5 s, P < 0.05. e Comparing the firing rates within 10 s before, during, and after HFS (left) or LFS (right). Open circles indicate neurons with spontaneous firing (n = 5), while filled circles represent those with a holding current of 20–50 pA to maintain stable firing (n = 3). 130 Hz: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.0156), 20 Hz: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.7422), Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, two-sided. f Plots of the instantaneous frequency CV in the time windows shown in ( b ) (n = 8 neurons from 5 mice). 130 Hz Base vs. Intra-1 ( P = 0.0005), Base vs. Intra−2 ( P = 0.0016). 20 Hz Base vs. Intra-1 ( P = 0.6933), Base vs. Intra−2 ( P = 0.8860), paired t -test, two-sided. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. ( g ) Left, schematic of STN DBS with bilateral drug administration in DD mice. Right, a representative sagittal section (n = 4 mice) showing the position of cannula and electrode. Note that CTB-488 signals are restricted to the STN. Scale bar, 1 mm. h Representative changes in locomotion velocity within 60 s in response to STN DBS at 130 Hz before and 20 min after bilateral vehicle or bicuculline (BCC, 500 μmol, i.e., 1 μl with a concentration of 500 μM) administration to the STN. i , j Group data comparing the effects of DBS at 130 or 20 Hz on locomotion velocity before and after vehicle and BCC administration (n = 5 mice). For ( i ) 130 Hz Ctrl: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.0052); Vehicle: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.0011), paired t -test, two-sided. 20 Hz Ctrl: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.1875), Vehicle: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.4375), Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, two-sided. For ( j ) 130 Hz Ctrl: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.0052), BCC: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.8127), paired t -test, two-sided. 20 Hz Ctrl: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.0685), paired t -test, two-sided; BCC: Pre vs. Stim ( P = 0.3125), Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, two-sided. NS, not significant; * P < 0.05, * *P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a file. See also Supplementary Figs. – .

Article Snippet: Bipolar DBS electrodes were fabricated from coated platinum-iridium wire with a diameter of 76.2 μm (777000, A-M Systems).

Techniques: Transferring, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: A generalized epilepsy network derived from brain abnormalities and deep brain stimulation

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57392-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: DBS electrode locations implanted to treat drug-resistant generalized seizures in patients with IGE ( n = 21) were localized with Lead-DBS software and plotted in relation to the CM ( A , red). Notably, the IGE network peaked in the CM of the thalamus ( B ), which was the most functionally connected thalamic nucleus ( C ). Seizures reduced a median 90% after CM-DBS in 21 patients with IGE ( D ). The IGE network was projected onto a publicly available ultra-high resolution ex vivo brain aligned to MNI space ( E , warm colors), and DBS electrodes intersected with the peak of the IGE network in the CM (mesh). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. AV anterior ventral nucleus, CM centromedian nucleus, DBS deep brain stimulation, Hb habenular nucleus, IGE idiopathic generalized epilepsy, LGN lateral geniculate nucleus, MD mediodorsal nucleus, MGN medial geniculate nucleus, Pul pulvinar nucleus, SCAN somato-cognitive action network, VA ventral anterior nucleus, VLa ventral lateral anterior nucleus, VLpd ventral lateral posterior nucleus (dorsal part), VLpv ventral lateral posterior nucleus (ventral part), VPL ventral posterior lateral nucleus.

Article Snippet: The DBS electrodes were localized and plotted in relation to the IGE network peak in the thalamus, previously published optimal DBS sites (“sweetspot”) for IGE and LGS , and discriminative fiber tracts associated with improved control of generalized seizures after DBS.

Techniques: Software, Ex Vivo

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: A generalized epilepsy network derived from brain abnormalities and deep brain stimulation

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-57392-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: The DBS electrode locations of an independent patient with IGE treated with CM DBS was plotted in relation to (1) the peak voxel of the IGE network (MNI coordinate: x = −9.05, y = −21.07, z = −0.07) in the thalamus ( A , red), (2) previously reported DBS sweetspots in IGE ( B , green) and LGS ( B , purple), and (3) discriminative fiber tracts associated with improved generalized seizure control after CM DBS ( C , pink). This IGE network peak converged on a similar location to these optimal DBS sites, yet 4 mm closer to the sweetspot derived from IGE versus LGS patients ( D ). CM the centromedian nucleus, DBS deep brain stimulation, IGE idiopathic generalized epilepsy, LGS Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome.

Article Snippet: The DBS electrodes were localized and plotted in relation to the IGE network peak in the thalamus, previously published optimal DBS sites (“sweetspot”) for IGE and LGS , and discriminative fiber tracts associated with improved control of generalized seizures after DBS.

Techniques: Control, Derivative Assay